17/4/2017
What is assessment?
- the action of assessing someone or something
- assess: evaluate or estimate the nature, ability or quality of someone or something
Aesthetic assessment
bringing educational assessment methods into aesthetic evaluation:
- criterion-referenced assessment
- norm-referenced assessment
- ipsative assessment
1. Criterion-referenced assessment
- criterion (plural criteria) - a principle or standard by which something may be judged or decided
- criterion-referenced assessment:
- the assessment that examines whether or not one performed well or poorly on a given task
2. Norm-referenced assessment
- the assessment that compares one to his, her or its peers
3. Ipsative assessment
- an individual assessment that is compared to himself, herself or itself through time
What is evaluation?
- the making of a judgement about the amount, number or value of something: assessment
- Judgement: the ability to make considered decisions or come to sensible conclusions
- Conclusion: a judgement or decision reached by reasoning
How to evaluate aesthetics?
- Subjectivism
- Objectivism
- Relativism
- Emotivism
1. Subjectivism
- the doctrine that knowledge is merely subjective and that there is no external or objective truth
2. Objectivism
- the belief that certain things, especially moral truths, exists independently of human knowledge or perception of them
- the tendency to emphasize what is external to or independent of the mind
3. Relativism
- the doctrine that knowledge, truth and morality exist in relation to culture, society or historical context, and are not absolute
- points of view have no absolute truth or validity, having only relative, subjective value according to differences in perception and consideration
- truth is always relative to some particular frame of reference: eg, language or a culture
4. Emotivism
- an ethical theory which regards ethical and value judgements as expressions of feeling or attitude and prescriptions of action, rather than assertions or reports of anything
- moral judgements do not function as statements of fact but rather as expressions of the speaker's or writer's feelings
REFLEXION TIME
How would you assess beauty?
- beauty cannot assess by just a sight but with a heart and feeling
How would you evaluate aesthetics?
- by learning the aesthetics we may see things differently
19/4/2017
Principles of Pleasure in Design
The Pleasure in Design
- occurs when human beings achieve their aims by altering or changing subjective world
Principles of pleasure in design - suggested by Hekkert, 2006
- maximum effect for minimum means
- unity in variety
- most advanced, yet acceptable
- congruence / appropriateness
Principle 1: Maximum effect for minimum means
- our systems want to function as economically as possible
- if we can smell, see, hear or decide something faster or with less effort, we will prefer it over the more demanding alternative
Principle 2: Unity in variety
- the world out there is loaded with information and we can simply not pick up any source that happens to be within reach
- it is beneficial to perceive connections and make relationship, to see what belongs together and what not
- in order to perform these tasks, our sensory systems must detect order in chaos or unity in variety
Principle 3: Most advanced, yet acceptable (MAYA)
- examining the incompatibility of two theories:
- the preference-for-prototypes theory (Whitfield & Slatter, 1979)
- the attractiveness of novelty (Martindale, 1990)
The preference-for-prototypes theory
- we prefer the most typical examples of a category, the ones that are often also very familiar and we have been exposed to repeatedly
- such a preference for familiar things is adaptive since it will lead to safe choices instead of risking the unknown
The attractiveness of novelty
- people have always been attracted by new, unfamiliar and original things, partly to overcome boredom and saturation effects (Martindale, 1990)
- the preference for novel instances is also an adaptive trait, especially for children, in that novelty facilities learning
Principle 4: Congruence / appropriateness
- the relationship between various sensory impressions-multi-modality
- since ease of identification has survival value, we tend to prefer products that convey similar messages to all our senses
REFLEXION TIME
How would you relate the principles of pleasure in your game?
- in games, people tend to buy new and original brand instead of fake one
How would you relate the principle of pleasure in your advertisement?
- less cost but convey a lot of messages in advertisement